Hair begins in the follicle, a tiny tunnel in the scalp where the dermal papilla, which is rich in blood vessels. These vessels deliver oxygen and vital nutrients, such as biotin, amino acids, and minerals, to the follicle, fueling the cells that create new hair strands. Healthy blood flow = healthy hair production.

Hair doesn’t grow continuously; it cycles through four key phases. Anagen (growth phase) – Lasts 2–7 years, where hair actively grows. Catagen (transition phase) – A brief 2–3 week stage where growth slows. Telogen (resting phase) – Lasts around 3 months; hair doesn’t grow, but stays attached. Exogen (shedding phase) – Hair falls out, making room for new strands. At any time, 85–90% of hair is in the anagen phase. Disruption in this cycle (due to stress, hormonal shifts, or poor nutrition) can cause hair loss or stunted growth.

The scalp biome—a community of healthy bacteria and fungi—protects follicles from inflammation and infection. An imbalanced scalp (due to harsh products, buildup, or poor hygiene) can lead to follicular inflammation, clogging, and even hair thinning. A nourished, pH-balanced scalp is essential for strong, sustained growth.

Hair is made up of keratin, a protein composed of amino acids like cysteine and methionine. For your body to make keratin, it needs - Protein (for structure), Iron & Zinc (for oxygen delivery and follicle strength), Vitamin D & B-vitamins (for cell growth and hormonal regulation), and Omega-3 fatty acids (for hydration and elasticity). Without these, follicles weaken, strands thin, and breakage increases.

Hormones like DHT (a derivative of testosterone) can shrink follicles, especially in genetic hair loss. Cortisol, the stress hormone, can prematurely push hair into the shedding (telogen) phase. Chronic stress or hormonal imbalance disrupts the delicate signals that regulate the hair cycle, resulting in visible thinning or loss.