Vitamin C blocks tyrosinase, the enzyme that drives excess melanin, and downregulates overactive melanocytes stimulated by UV, hormones, and oxidative stress. This reduces hyperpigmentation and prevents new dark spots, steadily restoring an even, radiant tone.

As a powerful antioxidant, Vitamin C neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) before they damage DNA, lipids, and proteins in skin cells. By protecting keratinocytes and fibroblasts from UV and pollution stress, it slows photoaging, preserves cellular energy, and keeps skin vibrant longer.

Collagen formation depends on Vitamin C as a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes. This ensures collagen fibers form strong, stable triple-helices, improving skin firmness and elasticity. It also stimulates fibroblast activity, accelerating scar repair and reducing fine lines.

Vitamin C enhances ceramide and hyaluronic acid production, strengthening the lipid matrix that locks in moisture. At the same time, it lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines and aids in antimicrobial defense, enabling faster wound healing, calmer skin, and long-lasting resilience against daily stressors.