Omega-3-rich flaxseeds deeply support dermal skin proteins for healthy matrix production. Raw milk and yogurt with bioavailable proteins and vitamins nourish dermal cells, encouraging stronger, more resilient skin from within.

Manjistha with its antioxidant properties, helps prevent collagen cross-linking that leads to wrinkling and skin rigidity. Hibiscus adds anthocyanins, while clove delivers potent polyphenols that scavenge free radicals. Together, these actives protect skin cell DNA, membrane lipids, and mitochondrial function—preserving skin’s youth.

Wrinkling is accelerated by transepidermal water loss and lipid depletion. Sesame oil, with its nourishing fatty acids, and raw honey work synergistically to lock in hydration and improve moisture retention across all skin layers. Flaxseeds’ mucilage and oils provide deep emollience and help improve barrier function. The lactic acid in milk and yogurt gently exfoliates while increasing the skin’s ability to hold moisture, resulting in softer, plumper texture that visually reduces fine lines and dehydration wrinkles.

Natural AHAs from pineapple, combined with the mild enzymatic activity of raw honey and yogurt, accelerate gentle shedding of dead skin. This maintains a smooth surface, which reflects light better and appears more youthful. Unlike chemical peels, these ingredients offer gradual renewal with minimal irritation - ideal for ageing skin that is more sensitive and reactive.

Pigmentation, sallowness, and uneven tone often accompany ageing, caused by both melanin imbalance and reduced microcirculation. Manjistha supports the skin’s detoxification, improving tone clarity from within. Flaxseeds also promote microcirculatory stimulation, which brings in nutrients and oxygen for enhanced radiance. Anti-inflammatory benefits of lodhra and clove help gradually fade age-related spots and restore a more luminous, even-toned glow.

As the lepa sets, it forms a soft barrier that traps warmth and moisture, gently boosting blood flow and lymphatic drainage. This warm, moist micro-climate mimics the skin’s natural healing state, speeding up detox and preparing skin to absorb nutrients better.

Occlusion softens the skin’s barrier lipids, making it more permeable without damaging it. This allows deeper delivery of essential nutrients like phytoactives, fatty acids, and lacto-compounds to skin cells.

The warmth boosts microcirculation, waking up capillaries for better oxygen and nutrient delivery. This energises skin cells, supports collagen production, and flushes out toxins—revitalising skin from within.

With the skin more receptive, it absorbs vitamins, enzymes, and herbal actives more efficiently. These nutrients target cell renewal, inflammation, pigmentation, and barrier repair for visibly healthier skin.

As the lepa dries, it helps restore the skin’s natural pH and seals in actives. Ferments and enzymes support good bacteria, reduce puffiness, and calm hidden inflammation that dulls the skin.

After removal, skin looks smoother, circulation stays high, and it’s primed for hydration. With cell activity boosted and the barrier reset, skin reflects light better—revealing a radiant glow.

With age, the skin's fibroblasts - cells responsible for producing collagen and elastin - slow their output. UV exposure, inflammation, and oxidative stress activate certain enzymes that degrade existing collagen and elastin fibers. This structural loss reduces skin’s firmness, leading to laxity, folds, and expression lines becoming etched into the skin. Effective wrinkle prevention hinges on both stimulating fibroblasts and inhibiting enzymes with antioxidants and polyphenols, preserving the skin’s architectural integrity.

Daily exposure to UV rays, pollution, blue light, and stress produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) - unstable molecules that damage DNA, lipids, and proteins in skin cells. ROS trigger inflammatory cytokines and destroy collagen-supporting enzymes, accelerating visible ageing. Topical antioxidants neutralize these free radicals, protecting skin from photoaging and dullness.

Dry skin may not directly cause wrinkles, but dehydration amplifies them—both visibly and structurally. As water content decreases in the stratum corneum, skin loses its natural elasticity and plumpness, making fine lines more pronounced and reducing resilience to environmental stress. The epidermis also becomes less flexible, increasing mechanical folding and wrinkling over time. Hydrators combined with occlusives like facial oils, help reduce TEWL and visibly soften wrinkles by restoring skin volume and stretch.

As we age, keratinocyte turnover slows from a 28-day cycle in youth to 45–60+ days, leading to a buildup of dead cells on the surface. This not only makes skin appear dull but exacerbates fine lines and texture irregularities, as dead skin impedes light reflection and product absorption. Gentle, consistent exfoliation helps remove this buildup, stimulates cell renewal, and refines the appearance of early wrinkles, especially around the eyes and mouth.

Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining skin thickness, hydration, and collagen content. With age - especially during menopause—estrogen levels drop, leading to rapid collagen loss (up to 30% in the first 5 years), reduced hyaluronic acid production, and decreased skin density. This hormonal decline makes skin more prone to wrinkling, sagging, and dryness. Phytoestrogens and barrier-repair ingredients can help mimic some estrogenic effects, supporting wrinkle prevention in estrogen-deficient skin.

Repeated facial expressions like squinting, smiling, and frowning cause dynamic wrinkles—lines that eventually become static over time. These mechanical folds are exaggerated by loss of skin elasticity, dehydration, and collagen depletion. Ingredients like rosehip and bakuchiol help reduce the appearance of these lines by promoting collagen remodelling and epidermal thickening.